Ghana has come a long way with regards to our political systems and structures. Right from political systems that were not very effective to one that to a large extent has become highly technological. From the time when Ghana was then the Gold coast to now, there have been changes in the republic. All these changes have called for registration and then voting. In analyzing the effectiveness or otherwise of the of the electoral commission’s biometric registration movement plan, we would explore and get to know who the electoral commission are, what their duties and functions are and why the introduction of the movement plan and how effective or less effective it has been.
Now we are in another electioneering year and the Electoral commission of Ghana came up with a new system of registration called the biometric system of registration that ended on the 5th of May but then for the sake of the prisoners who have not registered will be extended for some time. Now the question pops up, what or who is the electoral commission and what at all it the biometric registration?
The electoral commission according to the guide they made available to the public on their website is provided for under Article 43 of the 1992 constitution and established by an act of Parliament, Act 451 of 1993. The Electoral Commission of Ghana is bound by law and by the constitution and by law to supervise all public elections and referenda as a way of advancing the course of democracy and good governance for enhanced development of Ghana through institutionalising free and transparent elections. The functions of the electoral commission include
· To compile the register of voters and revise it at such periods as may be determined by law.
· To demarcate the electoral boundaries for both national and local government elections.
· To conduct and supervise all public elections and referenda.
· To educate people of the electoral process and its purpose
· To undertake programmes for the expansion of the registration of voters.
· To perform such other functions as may be prescribed by law.
This is a summary of the duties that the electoral commission is supposed to perform.
Now that we know about the electoral commission and what they stand for, let us go into what the voter registration is or what it is all about. Still from the guide provided by the electoral commission, the voter registration refers to the entire process of making the register of voters, also known as the voters register, voters list, voters roll or the electoral roll. Usually, the process consists of four distinct stages, namely;
- The field of collection of biographic data of eligible persons; key amongst them are the name, sex and residential address.
- The compilation of the collected data into a provisional register of qualified voters.
- The exhibition of public display of the provisional register for purposes of affording persons who successfully applied for registration opportunity to make sure that their names have been included and that their personal details are correct.
- The production of the final voters register as the official list of persons qualified to vote in election.
The voter’s registration did not just come to exist, but over the years it has evolved. In 1925, those who were eligible to vote were supposed to be land owners and this is how far the registration dates back. In those days (1925 -1994), voter identity cards were not issued. In 1988, the system became computerized but yet no identity cards were issued until 1995. The process was not so cumbersome but the queues were very tiring and frustrating enough. The registration was done personally by the persons who wished to be registered at the designated centres. They first filled out a paper form and then they had their photographs taken, after which they are given a counterfoil of the paper registration form which serves as the identity card. It is laminated and contains a photograph of the voter. The registration forms are scanned and the data is captured using a combination of optical mark registration, also known as the O.M.R, optical character recognition O.C.R, and intelligent character recognition I.C.R technologies.
Double and multiple registrations do a lot of damage and mayhem during voting and the electoral commission tried to curb this by the application of the indelible ink. Still some unscrupulous individuals managed to register and vote more than once.
The biometric registration seeks to address this problem. According to Mr. Nicholas Amoah, the human resource manager at the electoral commission head office, the biometric registration has in place an inbuilt system or mechanism that is able to multiple registrations and even some culprits have already been arrested. This is possible because the biometric system uses unique features such as finger prints and no two individuals have the same finger prints, also there was a criteria for those who are eligible to vote. They should be Ghanaian citizens. In order for you to register, you must be a Ghanaian citizen, 18years and above, of a sound mind and also a resident or ordinarily resident in an electoral area or are permitted by law to register in the electoral area.
The process was quite simple. All that one needed to do was to be at the registration centre with proof of his or her nationality and citizenship. The team of registration officials was at the pollen stations or registration centres with a set of equipment. First of all they take down your details and then the details are fed into the machine. Then they give u a paper containing your information details that were fed into the system. From there you get it laminated and then you dip your hand in the ink and that was it.
The biometric registration was done in phases also known as the movement plan. It started on Saturday the 24th of March and ended on Saturday the 5th of May. During this time, those registering did not just stay at one pollen station or centre but moved through out for a period of 10 days each in all the pollen stations. This movement plan made it possible for all the killer queues to reduce. Because of the movement plan, more pollen stations were created and there was enough time to spend at each pollen station since it spread across a span of 10 days. The system was also so simplified. It took one just a number of minutes to be registered and then have your I.D. card.
The registration was carried out in four phases in all the regions of the country. Each phase took ten days including Saturdays and Sundays. The first phase started on the 24th of March and ended on the 2nd of April. Phase two followed on the 4th of April and ended on the 13th of April. The third phase then took off on the 15th of April and ended on the 24th of April, while the final phase took off on the 244th of April and ended on the 5th of May 2012.
Another good thing about the movement plan is that after each day, they had to put together all the previous day’s registration. Because of this so much stress was not put on the personnel. They did not have to count and count at the end of the whole exercise.
Some of the citizens we spoke to said they were very happy about the movement plan because they did not have to travel a long distance to come and be registered and that even encouraged them to go and get register. The movement plan made it possible for registration centres to be as close to a large group of people at a time. In the past, a whole constituency could have just about four centres and all of them would be registering at the same time. Once you miss it, then that is that. It meant you were not going to vote. But with the biometric movement plan, the story is different. If for some reasons or the other you miss the registration at the centre closest to you. You can go to another centre and get registered.
I am sure the movement plan has come to put a smile on the face of a number of Ghanaians because it is very evident that those who registered more than once are facing the music. Also under this new movement plan, more and more Ghanaians have been able to register and this for me is a step in the right directions. As well meaning Ghanaians the next step to take is to pray for free and fair elections and also behave ourselves very will so as not to cause any mayhem.